Epidemiological, clinical and functional characteristics in burned children treated in a high complexity hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28957/rcmfr.433Keywords:
Burns, rehabilitation, Pediatrics, recovery of function, epidemiologyAbstract
Introduction. World statistics demonstrate that burns occur mainly in women and children, the latter being more prone due to their curiosity, since it favors exposure to various burn risks.
Objective. To identify the epidemiological, clinical and rehabilitation management characteristics of burned children treated in a burn unit of a high complexity hospital in Medellín, Colombia.
Methods. Retrospective descriptive study conducted in 710 burn patients under 14 years of age who received hospital management in the Children’s Hospital of San Vicente Fundación Medellín between the years 2018 and 2020. Data were recorded on: age, sex, cause of the burn, extent of the burn, length of hospital stay, surgeries, orthoses, pressure therapy, and functionality, among others.
Results. 58.6% of the participants were male and the median age, body surface area involved and hospital stay were 24 months, 6% and 12 days, respectively. The main cause of burns was due to hot liquids (73.2%). 70.7% of the participants had deep second-degree burns. In 89.4% of cases, burns occurred in special areas: in 32.8%, on the face, and in 7.3%, on the genitals. Likewise, 2% required management in the intensive care unit, 23.1% needed surgery, 95.4% were treated by physiotherapy and 93.4% received care by physical medicine and rehabilitation. In addition, 86.9% required pressure therapy and 11.5% required orthoses. 95.3% improved their positioning, 95.6% showed improvement in patient and caregiver knowledge, functionality improved in 94.9% and independence improved in 18%.
Conclusions. Burns in the pediatric population require comprehensive and multidisciplinary management that includes rehabilitation as part of the first line of care and other specialties that allow comprehensive care of the patient to prevent functional compromises and promote social reintegration.
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